Comparison of Sinonasal Complications of Microscopic and Endoscopic Approaches for Transsphenoidal Hypophyseal Surgery: Prospective Study.

AIM: To compare sinonasal complications after microscopic and endoscopic approaches for pituitary adenomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At our clinic, sinonasal complications occurred in 31 patients who underwent microscopic transsphenoidal surgery between 2007 and 2014 and in 32 patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery between 2014 and 2016. We statistically compared the complications observed during endoscopic sinonasal examination performed by an otorhinolaryngologist. RESULTS: Sinonasal pathology occurred in 22 of the 31 patients (70.9%) in the microscopy group (Group 1) and 19 of the 32 (59.3%) in the endoscopy group (Group 2). Of the 31 patients in Group 1, 13 had nasal septal perforation, 13 had nasal synechiae, three had anosmia, two had hyposmia and one had saddle nose deformity. In Group 2, no patient had nasal septal perforation, whereas eight had nasal synechiae, one had anosmia, 11 had hyposmia, and 4 had infection. CONCLUSION: There were no statistically significant differences in sinonasal complications (e.g. synechiae, anosmia, deformity, and sinusitis) between the two groups. Although the perforation rate (especially for perforations in the middle portion of the septum) was statistically greater in Group 1 than in Group 2, the hyposmia rate was statistically greater in Group 2 than in Group 1.

Late Postoperative Rhinological Complications After Microscopic Transnasal Hypophysectomy.

AIM: Major complications of microscopic transnasal hypophyseal surgery (MTHS), such as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, carotid injury, and optic nerve injury, are very rare. However, late rhinological complications can be ignored because they are a minor cause of morbidity compared with major complications. In this study, we extensively examined postoperative rhinological complications in patients who underwent MTHS for pituitary adenoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients diagnosed with pituitary adenoma, who underwent MTHS and whose preoperative nasal examinations were recorded between January 2007 and January 2014, were included in the study. A detailed rhinological examination of the patients was performed. RESULTS: A total of 12 of 31 patients (38.7%) had a perforated nasal septum, and synechiae were detected in the nasal cavities of 13 patients (42%). Anosmia occurred in three patients, hyposmia in two, and a nasal tip deflection and saddle nose deformity were detected in one patient with a perforated nasal septum. No perinasal loss of sense, oronasal fistula, or purulent secretion in the nasal cavity was found in any patient. CONCLUSION: The nasal structures, particularly the nasal septum mucosa, should be treated gently during MTHS. The nasal stages of the operation should be performed with the help of an otolaryngologist until adequate experience is gained.

Follow-Up Results of Newborns after Hearing Screening at a Training and Research Hospital in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present the follow-up results of newborns after universal newborn hearing screening at a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul and to determine the ages of diagnosis, hearing aid fitting, and cochlear implantation in newborns with hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 5985 newborns were screened between December 2009 and August 2011 using the transient evoked otoacoustic emission test as the first two steps and automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) test as the third step. Newborns who failed the screening tests were referred to a tertiary hospital for clinic ABR and were followed up at least for 2 years. RESULTS: Of 5985 newborns, 5116 (85.5%) completed the screening. Of 53 newborns who were referred to a tertiary hospital, 13 (0.25%) had a hearing impairment. The mean age of diagnosis, hearing aid fitting, and cochlear implantation were 6.1, 9.5, and 24.5 months, respectively. Among the risk factors for hearing impairment, neonatal intensive care (60%) and consanguineous marriage (50%) were the most common ones that were encountered. CONCLUSION: Our results were consistent with the national literature. Consanguineous marriage may be a risk factor for hearing impairment where it is commonly practiced because consanguineous marriage is significantly high in parents of deaf children. The ages of diagnosis and hearing aid fitting are still beyond the recommended ages by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing.

Protective role of resveratrol against cisplatin induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic administration of resveratrol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy guinea pigs (n=24) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=6) received resveratrol+cisplatin, group 2 (n=6) received 4% ethanol+cisplatin, group 3 (n=6) received cisplatin, and group 4 (n=6) received saline. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 10mg/kg/day on days 14 and 15 of the study. Resveratrol (10mg/kg/day), 4% ethanol, and saline were administered throughout the study. Baseline auditory brainstem responses (ABR) (4 kHz, 8 kHz, and click stimulus) were determined for all groups. ABR was repeated 72 h after the last dose of cisplatin in order to record the threshold shifts. The ABR threshold shifts for the click stimulus, 4-kHz- and 8-kHz-frequency stimuli were compared after drug administration. After follow-up ABRs the animals sacrificed under deep sedation and their cochleae were removed. Left cochleae were immediately harvested for measurement of level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Right cochleae were prepared for histological changes which were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: For the all stimulus, there was a significant threshold difference among the groups (p<0.01). Group 3 had a significantly higher threshold shift at all stimuli when compared with groups 1 and 4. There was no significant threshold shifts in all stimuli between groups 2 and 3. The resveratrol-treated group 1 showed preservation of threshold in ABR (p ≤ 0.05). SEM showed that inner and outer hair cells were preserved in the group 1. Level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that systemic administration of resveratrol afforded statistically significant protection to the cochlea of guinea pigs from cisplatin toxicity. Experimental dose of resveratrol injections may have a protective effect against cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs.

Surgical outcomes of primary and revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

OBJECTIVE: In the current study, whereas the results of endoscopic primary and revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies (END-DCR) were evaluated, the success rates in patients who did or did not undergo nasal surgery were also compared. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of 70 patients (with a total of 72 affected cases) who were admitted to our clinic with a primary complaint of epiphora between January 2002 and July 2009 was performed. Patients who required additional nasal procedures were also included in the analysis. A successful DCR was defined as relief of symptoms on testing with irrigation at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS: The success rates were 82.1% (23/28 DCRs) in the primary END-DCR group and 84.1% (37/44 DCRs) in the revision END-DCR group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding overall surgical success rates (P = 0.829). The need for additional nasal surgery was significantly higher in the revision cases (52.3%) than the primary cases (28.6%; P = 0.048). No significant difference regarding success rates existed between the patients who required an additional septoplasty or ancillary sinus surgery and the patients who did not have nasal pathology and underwent END-DCR alone (P = 0.456). The mean follow-up period was 11 months in the revision END-DCR group and 8 months in the primary END-DCR group. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic DCR should be considered as the treatment of choice in cases with intranasal pathologies. Endoscopic DCR is a safe and effective procedure in revision cases, as well as in primary cases.

The results of concurrent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The indications, management, and results are discussed in 45 patients who underwent the concurrent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and rhinoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 27 women and 18 men with a mean age of 28 years. 28 patients had chronic rhinosinusitis and 17 patients had nasal polyposis refractory to medical therapy underwent the combined procedure by the same otolaryngologist. RESULTS: A review of our 45 combined procedure performed between 2000 and 2005. There were no life-threatening severe complications noted in this population. The patients were also satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. CONCLUSION: Combined rhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery can be performed safely, cost- effectively and with perfect results in selected patients.

Actinomycosis of the larynx.

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease that involves the upper airway and gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 40-55% of actinomycosis comprises the cervicofacial form. It presents a challenging clinical diagnostic dilemma because of variable presentations in the head and neck. Herein, we report a rare case of actinomycosis presenting as a vocal cord nodule in a healthy 21-year-old man who was not immunocompromised and had no other known medical disease.

Objective and subjective evaluation of voice quality in multiple sclerosis.

The aim of this comparative, controlled, cross-sectional study is to evaluate the voice quality in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by subjective and objective methods. Female patients with MS (n=27) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=27) were included in this study. Vocal functions were evaluated by a multidimensional set composed of videolaryngostroboscopic examination, acoustic analysis, and subjective measurements (GRBAS and "Voice Handicap Index"). Jitter percent, shimmer percent, and soft phonation index (SPI) values were higher in MS patients compared to controls (Jitt, P=0.001; Shim, P=0.033; SPI P<0.0001). Maximum phonation time was significantly shorter for MS patients compared to controls (P<0.0001). Stroboscopic examination revealed that 16 out of 27 MS patients have a "posterior chink" as glottic closure pattern with higher SPI values (40%). Noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) and mean fundamental frequency (F0) values were similar for MS and control groups (NHR, P=0.737; F0, P=0.976). In this study, most of the MS patients had dysphonia due to weakness of voice. MS tends to worsen acoustic parameters including fundamental frequency, SPI, and jitter values. These results are consistent with the more asthenic voice quality observed in MS group.

The effect of Vitamin E treatment on the development of myringosclerosis after ventilation tube insertion.

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have established the relationship between the reactive oxygen species and myringosclerosis. Furthermore several antioxidants have been known to prevent myringosclerosis. All the previous studies supporting this hypothesis have been performed on animals. The aim of our study is to investigate the possible effect of Vitamin E on the development of tympanosclerosis after VT insertion on human subjects. METHODS: 72 children undergoing myringotomy and VT insertion were included in the study. Vitamin E was applied to the right ear and no treatment was applied to the left ear. Both ears were examined at the end of 9 months with otomicroscopy. Myringosclerosis formation at the end of the study period was noted for each ear. RESULTS: Myringosclerosis was found in 33 of the 144 ears. The overall incidence was 22.9%. While 22 (30.6%) of the 72 left ears showed myringosclerosis otomicroscopically, in only 11 (15.3%) of the 72 right ears that were treated with Vitamin E was myringosclerosis observed at the end of the study period. Of these nine cases were bilateral. CONCLUSION: Animal studies have well documented the development of myringosclerosis after myringotomy and VT insertion and beneficial effects of different antioxidants. Our study has shown similar results in human subjects. Further clinical studies consisting of a larger patient population are needed to bring about routine clinical use of antioxidants in myringotomy and VT insertion.